Mechnical Engineering Syllabus for IFS Main Examination- 2016

Mechnical Engineering Syllabus for IFS Main Examination- 2016

Mechanical Engineering

Paper I

1. Theory of Machines

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of planar mechanisms. Cams, Gears and gear trains, Flywheels, Governors, Balancing of rigid rotors, Balancing of single and multicylinder engines, Linear vibration analysis of mechanical systems (single degree and two degrees of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of shafts, Automatic Controls, Belts and chain drives. Hydrodynamic bearings.

2. Mechanics of Solids :

Stress and strain in two dimensions. Principal stresses and strains, Mohr's construction, linear elastic materials, isotropy and an isotropy, Stress‐strain relations, uniaxial loading, thermal stresses. Beams : Banding moment and shear force diagrams, bending stresses and deflection of beams, Shear stress distribution. Torsion of shafts, helical springs. Combined stresses, Thick and thin walled pressure vessels. Struts and columns, Strain energy concepts and theories of failure. Rotation discs. Shrink fits.

3. Engineering Materials :

Basic concepts on structure of solids, Crystalline materials, Defects in crystalline materials, Alloys and binary phase diagrams, structure and properties of common engineering materials. Heat treatment  of steels. Plastics, Ceramics and composite Materials, common applications of various materials.

4. Manufacturing Science :

Marchant's force analysis, Taylor's tool life equation, machinability and machining economics, Rigid,  small and flexible automation, NC, CNC. Recent machining methods‐ EDM, ECM and ultrasonics. Application of lasers and plasmas, analysis of forming processes. High energy rate forming. Jigs, fixtures, tools and gauges, Inspection of length, position, profile and surface finish.

5. MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT :

Production Planning and Control, Forecasting‐Moving average, exponential smoothing, Operations sheduling; assembly line balancing. Product development. Breakeven analysis, Capacity planning. PERT and CPM.
Control Operations : Inventory control‐ABC analysis. EOQ model. Materials requirement planning. Job design, Job standards, work measurement, Quality management‐Quality control. Operations Research : Linear programming‐Graphical and Simplex methods. Transportation and assignment models. Single server queuing model.

Value Engineering : Value analysis, for cost/value. Total quality management and forecasting techniques. Project management.

6. ELEMENTS OF COMPUTATION :

Computer Organisation, Flow charting. Features of Common Computer Languages‐FORTRAN d Base III, Lotus 1‐2‐3 C and elementary programming.

PAPER-­II

1. THERMODYNAMICS :

Basic concept. Open and closed systems, Applications of Thermodynamic Laws, Gas equations, Clapeyron equation, Availability, Irreversibility and Tds relations.

2. I.C. Engines, Fuels and Combustion :

Spark Ignition and compression ignition engines, Four stroke engine and Two stroke engines, mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiency, Heat balance.

Combustion process in S.I. and C.I. engines, pre‐ignition detonation in S.I. engine Diesel knock in C.I. engine. Choice of engine fuels, Octane and Cetane ratings. Alternate fuels Carburration and Fuel injection, Engine emissions and control. Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, stoichometric air requirements and excess air factor, fuel gas analysis, higher and lower calorific values and their measurements.

3. HEAT TRANSFER, REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING :

One and two dimensional heat conduction. Heat transfer from extended surfaces, heat transfer by forced and free convection. Heat exchangers. Fundamentals for diffusive and connective mass transfer, Radiation laws, heat exchange between black and non black surfaces, Network Analysis. Heat pump refrigeration cycles and systems, Condensers, evaporators and expansion devices and controls. Properties and choice of refrigerant, Refrigeration Systems and components, psychometrics,  comfort indices, cooling loading calculations, solar refrigeration.

4. TURBO­MACHINES AND POWER PLANTS :

Continuity, momentum and Energy Equations. Adiabatic and Isentropic flow, Fanno lines, Raylegh lines. Theory and design of axial flow turbines and compressors, Flow through turbo‐machine blade, cascades, centrifugal compressor. Dimensional analysis and modelling. Selection of site for steam, hydro, nuclear and stand‐by power plants, selection base and peak load power plants Modern High pressure, High duty boilers, Draft and dust removal equipment, Fuel and cooling water systems, heat balance, station and plant heat rates, operation and maintenance of various power plants, preventive maintenance, economics of power generation.

Physics

Paper- I

Section- ­A

1. Classical Mechanics

(a) Particle dynamics:

Centre of mass and laboratory coordinates conservation of linear and angular momentum. The rocket equation. Rutherford scattering, Galilean transformation, inertial and non‐inertial frames, rotating frames, centrifugal and Coriolis forces, Foucault pendulum.

(b) System of particles:

Constraints, degrees of freedom, generalized coordinates and moments. Lagrange's equation and applications to linear harmonic oscillator, simple pendulum and central force problems. Cyclic coordinates, Hamiltonian Lagrange's equation from Hamilton's principle.

(c) Rigid body dynamics:

Eulerian angles, inertia tensor, principal moments of inertia. Euler's equation of motion of a rigid body, force‐ free motion of a rigid body, Gyroscope.

2. Special Relativity, Waves & Geometrical Optics

(a) Special Relativity:

Michelson‐Morley experiment and its implications. Lorentz transformations‐length contraction, time dilation, addition of velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, mass‐energy relation, simple applications to a decay process. Minkowski diagram, four dimensional momentum vector. Covariance of equations of physics. 

(b) Waves:

Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance. Beats. Stationary waves in a string. Pulses and wave packets. Phase and group velocities. Reflection and Refraction from Huygens' principle.

(c) Geometrical Optics:

Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat's principle. Matrix method in paraxial optic‐thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations.

3. Physical Optics:

(a) Interference:

Interference of light‐Young's experiment, Newton's rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer. Multiple beam interference and Fabry‐Perot interferometer. Holography and simple applications.

(b) Diffraction:

Fraunhofer diffraction‐single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power. Fresnel diffraction: half‐ period zones and zones plates. Fresnel integrals. Application of Cornu's spiral to the analysis of diffraction at a straight edge and by a long narrow slit. Diffraction by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern.

(c) Polarisation and Modern Optics:

Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarised light. Double refraction, quarter wave plate. Optical activity. Principles of fibre optics attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material dispersion, single mode fibres. Lasers‐Einstein A and B coefficients. Ruby and He‐Ne lasers. Characteristics of laser light‐spatial and temporal coherence. Focussing of laser beams. Three‐level scheme for laser operation.

Section­- B

4. Electricity and Magnetism:

(a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics:

Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications. Energy of a system of charges, multiple expansion of scalar potential. Method of images and its applications. Potential and field due to a dipole, force and torque on a dipole in an external field. Dielectrics, polarisation. Solutions to boundary‐value problems‐conducting and dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field. Magnetic shell, uniformly magnetized sphere. Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss.

(b) Current Electricity:

Kirchhoff's laws and their applications. Biot‐Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's law, Lenz' law. Self‐and mutual‐inductances. Mean and r.m.s. values in AC circuits. LR CR and LCR circuits‐series and parallel resonance. Quality factor. Principal of transformer.

5. Electromagnetic Theory & Black Body Radiation:

(a) Electromagnetic Theory:

Displacement current and Maxwell's equations. Wave equations in vacuum, Pointing theorem. Vector and scalar potentials. Gauge invariance, Lorentz and Coulomb gauges. Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell's equations. Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics. Fresnel's relations. Normal and anomalous dispersion. Rayleigh scattering.

(b) Blackbody radiation:

Balckbody radiation ad Planck radiation law‐Stefan‐Boltzmann law, Wien displacement law and Rayleigh‐ Jeans law. Planck mass, Planck length, Planck time,. Planck temperature and Planck energy.

6. Thermal and Statistical Physics :

(a) Thremodynamics:

Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy. Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy change. Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs' phase rule and chemical potential. van der Waals equation of state of a real gas, critical constants. Maxwell‐Boltzman distribution of molecular velocities, transport phenomena, equipartition and virial theorems. Dulong‐Petit, Einstein, and Debye's theories of specific heat of solids. Maxwell relations and applications. Clausius‐Clapeyron equation. Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule‐Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.

(b) Statistical Physics:

Saha ionization formula. Bose‐Einstein condensation. Thermodynamic behavior of an ideal Fermi gas, Chandrasekhar limit, elementary ideas about neutron stars and pulsars. Brownian motion as a random walk, diffusion process. Concept of negative temperatures.

Paper­-II

Section-­A

1. Quantum Mechanics I :

Wave‐particle duality. Schroedinger equation and expectation values. Uncertainty principle. Solutions of the one‐dimensional Schroedinger equation free particle (Gaussian wave‐packet), particle in a box, particle in a finite well, linear harmonic oscillator. Reflection and transmission by a potential step and by a rectangular barrier. Use of WKB formula for the life‐time calculation in the alpha‐decay problem.

2. Quantum Mechanics II & Atomic Physics:

(a) Quantum Mechanics II:

Particle in a three dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals. The angular momentum problem. The hydrogen atom. The spin half problem and properties of Pauli spin matrices. 

(b) Atomic Physics:

Stern‐Gerlack experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrogen atom. LS coupling, J‐J coupling. Spectroscopic notation of atomic states. Zeeman effect. Frank‐Condon principle and applications.

3. Molecular Physics:

Elementary theory of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules. Raman effect and molecular structure. Laser Raman spectroscopy. Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Elementary theory and applications of NMR. Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance.

Section­- B

4. Nuclear Physics:

Basic nuclear properties‐size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment. Semi‐empirical mass formula and applications. Mass parabolas. Ground state of a deuteron magnetic moment and non‐ central forces. Meson theory of nuclear forces. Salient features of nuclear forces. Shell model of the nucleus‐ success and limitations. Violation of parity in beta decay. Gamma decay and internal conversion. Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy. Q‐value of nuclear reactions. Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors.

5. Particle Physics & Solid State Physics:

(a) Particle Physics:

Classification of elementary particles and their interactions. Conservation laws. Quark structure of hadrons. Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions. Elementary ideas about Unification of Forces. Physics of neutrinos.

(b) Solid State Physics:

Cubic crystal structure. Band theory of solids‐conductors, insulators and semi‐conductors. Elements of superconductivity, Meissner effect, Josephson junctions and applications. Elementary ideas about high temperature superconductivity.

6. Electronics :

Intrinsic and extrinsic semi‐conductors‐p‐n‐p and n‐p‐n transistors. Amplifiers and oscillators. Op‐ amps. FET, JFET and MOSFET. Digital electronics‐Boolean identities, De; Morgan's laws, Logic gates and truth tables, Simple logic circuits. Thermistors, solar cells. Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital computers.

Statistics

Paper-­I

Probability :

Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variable as a measurable function, distribution function of a random variable, discrete and continuous‐type random  variable probability mass function, probability density function, vector‐valued random variable, marginal and conditional distributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random variable in distribution, in probability, in p‐th mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter‐relations, Borel‐ Cantelli lemma, Chebyshev's and Khinchine's weak laws of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and Kolmogorov's theorems, Glivenko‐Cantelli theorem, probability generating function, characteristic function, inversion theorem, Laplace transform, related uniqueness  and continuity theorems, determination of distribution by its moments. Linderberg and Levy forms of  central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probability distributions, their inter‐relations and limiting cases, simple properties of finite Markov chains.

Statistical Inference:

Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, minimal sufficiency, complete‐ness, ancillary statistic, factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao‐Blackwell and Lehmann‐Scheffe theorems, Cramer‐Rao inequality for single and several‐parameter family of distributions, minimum variance bound estimator and its properties, modifications and extensions of Cramer‐Rao inequality, Chapman‐Robbins inequality, Bhattacharyya's bounds, estimation by methods of moments, maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chi‐square and modified minimum chi‐square, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, idea of asymptotic efficiency, idea of prior and posterior distributions, Bayes’ estimators.

Non‐randomised and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman‐Pearson lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio, generalised Neyman‐Pearson lemma, similar and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single and several‐parameter families of distributions, likelihood rotates and its large sample properties, chi‐ square goodness of fit test and its asymptotic distribution.

Confidence bounds and its relation with tests, uniformly most accurate (UMA) and UMA unbiased confidence bounds.

Kolmogorov's test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its optimality. Wilcoxon signed‐ranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov‐Smirnov two‐sample test, run test, Wilcoxon‐Mann‐Whiltney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality.

Wald's SPRT and its properties, OC and ASN functions, Wald's fundamental identity, sequential estimation. 

Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis :

Linear statistical models, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss‐Markoff theory, normal equations, least squares estimates and their precision, test of significance and interval estimates based on least squares theory in one‐way, two‐way and three‐way classified data, regression  analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partial correlations, regression diagnostics and sensitivity analysis, calibration problems, estimation of variance and covariance components, MINQUE theory, multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobis D2 and Hotelling's T2 statistics and their applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, one‐way MANOVA, principal component analysis, elements of factor analysis.

Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments:

An outline of fixed‐population and super‐population approaches, distinctive features of finite population sampling, probability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy for structural populations, cluster sampling, two‐stage and multi‐stage sampling, ratio and regression, methods of estimation involving one or more auxiliary variables, two‐phase sampling, probability proportional to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen‐Hurwitz and the Horvitz‐Thompson estimators, non‐negative variance estimation with reference to the Horvitz‐Thompson estimator, non‐sampling errors, Warner's randomized response technique for sensitive characteristics.

Fixed effects model (two‐way classification) random and mixed effects models (two‐way classification per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial designs : 2n, 32 and 33, confounding in factorial experiments, split‐ plot and simple lattice designs.

PAPER­- II

I. Industrial Statistics

Process and product control, general theory of control charts, different types of control charts for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and c charts, cumulative sum chart, V‐mask, single, double, multiple and sequential sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of producer's and consumer's risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL, sampling plans for variables, use of Dodge‐Romig and Military Standard tables.

Concepts of reliability, maintainability and availability, reliability of series and parallel systems and other simple configurations, renewal density and renewal function, survival models (exponential), Weibull, lognormal, Rayleigh, and bath‐tub), different types of redundancy and use of redundancy in reliability improvement, problems in life‐testing, censored and truncated experiments for exponential models.

II. Optimization Techniques:

Different, types of models in Operational Research, their construction and general methods of solution, simulation and Monte‐Carlo methods, the structure and formulation of linear programming (LP) problem, simple LP model and its graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two‐phase method and the M‐ technique with artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis, transportation and assignment problems, rectangular games, two‐person zero‐sum games, methods of solution (graphical and algerbraic).

Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies, concept of scientific inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems, simple models with deterministic and stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with particular reference to dam type.

Homogeneous discrete‐time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classi‐fication of states and ergodictheorems, homogeneous continuous‐time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of queueing theory, M/M/1, M/M/K, G/M/1 and M/G/1 queues.

Solution of statistical problems on computers using well known statistical software packages like SPSS.

III. Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics:

Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box‐Jenkins method, tests for stationery of series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of autoregressive and moving average components, forecasting. Commonly used index numbers‐Laspeyre's, Paashe's and Fisher's ideal index numbers, chain‐base index number uses and limitations of index numbers, index number of wholesale prices, consumer price index number, index numbers of agricultural and industrial production, tests, for index numbers like proportionality test, time‐reversal test, factor‐reversal test, circular test and dimensional invariance test.

General linear model, ordinary least squares and generalised least squires methods of estimation, problem of multicollinearity, consequences and solutions of multicollinearity, autocorrelation and its consequences, heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for independence of disturbances, Zellner's seemingly unrelated regression equation model and its estimation, concept of structure and model for simultaneous equations, problem of identification‐rank and order conditions of identifiability, two‐stage least squares method of estimation.

Present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial production, trade and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and limitation and the principal publications containing such statistics, various official agencies responsible for data collection and their main functions.

IV. Demography and Psychometry:

Demographic data from census, registration, NSS and other surveys, and their limitation and uses, definition, construction and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction rates, morbidity rate, standardized death rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables from vital statistics and census returns, uses of life tables, logistic and other population growth curves, fitting a logistic curve, population projection, stable population theory, uses of stable population and quasi‐stable population techniques in estimation of demographic parameters, morbidity and its measurement, standard classification by cause of death, health surveys and use of hospital statistics.

Methods of standardisation of scales and tests, Z‐scores, standard scores, scores, percentile scores, intelligence quotient and its measurement and uses, validity of test scores and its determination, use of factor analysis and path analysis in psychometry.

ZOOLOGY

PAPER-­1

Section­=A

1. Non­chordata and chordata :

(a) Classification and relationship of various phyla upto sub‐classes; Acoelomata and Coelomata; Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateralia and Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry.

(b) Protozoa : Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction; evolution of sex; General features and life history  of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium, and Leishmania.

(c) Porifera : Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.

(d) Coelenterata : Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and Aurelia.

(e) Platyhelminthes : Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and their relation to man.

(f) Nemathelminthes : General features, life history and parasitic adaptation of Ascaris; nemathelminths in relation to man.

(g) Annelida : Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and life history of nereis (Neanthes), earthworm (Pheretima) and leach (Hirudinaria).

(h) Arthropoda : Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in arthropods (prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee and butterfly); metamorphosis in insects and its hormonal regulation; social organization in insects (termites and honey bees).

(i) Mollusca : Feeding, respiration, locomotion, shell diversiy; general features and life history of Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion in gastropods.

(j) Echinodermata : Feeding, respiration, locomotion larval forms; general features and life history of Asterias.

(k) Protochordata : Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma and Herdamania.

(l) Pisces : Scales, respiration, locomotion, migration.

(m) Amphibia : Origin of tetrapods; parental care, paedomorphosis.

(n) Reptilia : Origin of reptiles; skull types; status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.

(o) Aves : Origin of birds; flight adaptation, migration.

(p) Mammalia : Origin of mammals; dentition; general features of egg laying mammals, pouched‐mammals, aquatic mammals and primates; endocrine glands and other hormone producing structures (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.

(q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates (integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system including heart and aortic arches; urinogenital system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear).

Section­- B

1. Ecology :

(a) Biosphere: Biogeochemical cycles, green‐houses effect, ozone layer and its impact; ecological succession, biomes and ecotones.

(b) Population, characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization.

(c) Conservation of natural resources‐ mineral mining, fisheries, aquaculture; forestry; grassland; wildlife (Project Tiger); sustainable production in agriculture integrated pest management.

(d) Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its impact on biosphere and its prevention.

II. Ethology :

(a) Behaviour : Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting.

(b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator detection, predator tactics, social behaviour in insects and primates; courtship (Drosophila, 3‐spine stickleback and birds).

(c) Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms; biological clock, tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms.

(d) Methods of studying animal behaviour.

III. Economic Zoology :

(a) Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture.

(b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (small pox, plague, malaria, tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention.

(c) Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogens (helminthes) and vectors (ticks, mites, Tabanus, Stomoxys).

(d) Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella), oil seed (Achaea janata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae).

IV. Biostatistics : Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and measure of central tendency, chi square, student t‐test, F‐test (one‐way & two‐way F‐test).

V. Instrumental methods :

(a) Spectrophotometry, flame photometry, Geiger‐Muller counter, scintillation counting.

(b) Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).

PAPER­-II

Section­-A

I. Cell Biology :

(a) Structure and function of cell and its organelles(nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome’s and Iysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movement.

(b) Watson‐Crick model of DNA, replication of DNA, protein synthesis, transcription and transcription factors.

II. Genetics

a) Gene structure and functions; genetic code.

(b) Sex chromosomes and sex determination in Drosophila, nematodes and man.

(c) Mendel's laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, linkage maps, multiple alleles, citron concept; genetics of blood groups.

(d) Mutations and mutagenesis : radiation and chemical.

(e) Cloning technology, plasmids and cosmids as vectors, transgenic, transposons, DNA sequence cloning and whole animal cloning (Principles and methodology).

(f) Regulation and gene expression in pro‐and eukaryotes.

(g) Signal transduction; pedigreeanalysis; congenital diseases in man.

(h) Human genome mapping; DNA finger‐printing.

III. Evolution

(a) Origin of life

(b) Natural selection, role of mutation in evolution, mimicry, variation, isolation, speciation.

(c) Fossils and fossilization; evolution of horse, elephant and man.

(d) Hardy‐Weinberg Law, causes of change in gene frequency.

(e) Continental drift and distribution of animals.

IV. Systematics

(a) Zoological nomenclature; international code; cladistics.

Section­-B

I. Biochemistry

(a) Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, lipids, proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids; saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol.

(b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation; energy conservation and release, ATP, cyclic AMP‐its structure and role.

(c) Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and function.

(d) Enzymes : types and mechanisms of action; immunoglobulin and immunity; vitamins and coenzymes.

(e) Bioenergetics.

II Physiology (with special reference to mammals)

(a) Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man; coagulation, factors and mechanism of coagulation; acid‐base balance, thermo regulation.

(b) Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport; haemoglobin : constituents and role in regulation.

(c) Nutritive requirements; role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands in digestion and absorption.

(d) Excretory products; nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmoregulation.

(e) Types of muscles, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles.

(f) Neuron, nerve impulse‐its conduction and synaptic transmission; neurotransmitters.

(g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in man.

(h) Mechanism of hormone action.

(I) Physiology of reproduction, role of hormones and phermones.

III. Developmental Biology

(a) Differentiation from gamete to neurula stage; dedifferentiation; metaplasia, induction, morphogenesis and morphogen; fate maps of gastrulae in frog and chick; organogenesis of eye and heart, placenation in mammals.

(b) Role of cytoplasm in and genetic control of development; cell lineage; causation of metamorphosis in frog and insects; paedogenesia and neoteny; growth, degrowth and cell death; ageing; blastogenesis; regeneration; teratogenesis; neoplasia.

(c) Invasiveness of placenta; in vitro fertilization; embryo transfer, cloning.

(d) Baer's law; evo‐devo concept.

UPSC Indian Forest Service Examination - 2016 Full Detail